The central government will collect Central Goods and Services Tax, State Goods and Services Tax, or Integrated Goods and Services Tax depending on whether the transaction is intrastate or interstate.
Intra-state trade is the exchange of products or services within a state. In this situation, both the Central Goods and Services Tax and State Goods and Services Tax is applied. Inter-state transactions occur when goods or services are transferred between states. Only the Integrated Goods and Services Tax is collected in this case.
It should always be mentioned that the GST is a target-based tax, that it is collected by the state where the products are received rather than the state where the products are produced. Unlike in the past, when there were various taxes such as Direct and Indirect tax, Service Tax, income tax, and capital gain tax. Now, only one tax under Goods and Services Tax, with three aspects: SGST, CGST, and IGST.
About CGST
The CGS Tax is a federal tax levied on goods and services produced, distributed, and consumed within a state. The CGS Act governs the collection of this tax. State Goods and Services Tax will be applied to the supply within a state, but it will be handled by the state government.
This means that both the state and federal governments will accept to merge their taxes and share money in an equitable ratio. However, Section 8 of the Central Goods and Services Act states that taxes will be imposed on all intra-state supplies but that the taxation will not surpass 14percent for each.
What is SGST
SGST is a tax imposed by the State Government based on inter-supply of both products and services and is administered by the SGST Act. As previously stated, the same Interstate supplies will be subject to CGST, but they will be administered by the Central Government.
An example for Central Goods and Services Tax and State Goods and Services Tax:
Krish is a Gujarati trader who sold 5000 rupees worth of products to Phraba in Gujarat. The GST rate is 9%, which includes a 4.5 percent CGST rate and a 4.5 percent GST rate. In this case, the dealer receives Rs. 900, of which Rs. 450 goes to the federal government and Rs. 450 goes to the Gujarat government. So, it depends on the goods supplied, and GST is merely based on the finance.
What is UTGST
Both are based on intra-state trade, the Union Territory Goods and Services Tax is similar to the SGST. It is a tax charged on products and services supplied within the Union Territory. The Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act governs it, and it is collected in tandem with the Central Goods and Services Tax.
The Goods and Services Tax (GST), India’s unified indirect tax, is a consumption-based tax that was implemented on July 1, 2010. It replaced the Central Sales Tax and Service Tax. Because both have no legislation, they are comparable. When items or services are sold in specified Indian territories such as the Andaman Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Ladakh, and Chandigarh, they become subject to the UTGST. However, because it is a legislative body for Puducherry and Delhi (both of which fall under the UTGST), they will be considered as SG.
What is Integrated Goods and Services Tax
The IGST is a tax that is levied on all inter-state transactions of items and services under the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Any supply of goods or services will be subject to the Integrated Goods and Services Tax in both cases of import and export from India.
Uses of IGST
- Exporting would be tax-free.
- The federal government and the state governments will split the revenue.
Example for Integrated Goods and Services Tax
Assume that a businessman Karan from Gujarat had traded products to Kathir from Maharashtra worth Rs. 50,000. The GST rate of 9% refers to 9% of Integrated Goods and Services Tax. So, the vendor has to demand Rs. 9000 as IGST. And this IGST will be directed to the Center.
Why Split into SGST, CGST, and IGST?
In a democratic country, the rights to collect taxes have been delegated to both the Centre and the States in India. According to the Law, both governments have unique obligations to fulfill, for which they must increase tax income.
The three tax systems are in place to assist consumers in claiming credits against each other, enabling “One Nation, One Revenue.”
Taxes under Goods and Services Tax
- Central Goods and Services Tax and State Goods and Services Tax comes under the Intrastate.
- Integrated Goods and Services Tax comes under the Interstate.
What factors decide whether the CGST, SGST, or IGST applies?
The Integrated Goods & Services Tax (IGST) and the State Goods &Services Tax, in addition to the Central Goods & Services Tax, are all suitable for tax-based marketing. As a result, we must have a firm grasp on what transaction applies to Intra-State or Inter-State trade.
- Intra-State Based on the buyer’s and seller’s location, an Intra-State supply of product or service tax is charged. When the buyer and seller are in the same state, the tax is collected. The consumer can owe both a Central Goods and Services Tax as well as a State Goods and Services Tax in this scenario.
The Central Goods and Services Tax is collected by the central government, but the State Goods and Services Tax is charged to the state.
- Inter-State The location of the buyer and seller are the basis for an inter-state supply of items or services. When the buyer and seller are in different states, this tax is collected.
The trade is considered to be Inter-State when goods or services are exported or imported, or when goods or services are supplied to or by a Special Economic Zone unit. A seller must collect IGST from the customer in an inter-state transaction.
What is GST based on the Inter-State and Intra-State supply of products or services?
- Now we shall consider that products worth Rs. 5000 are marketed by manufactory E from Gujarat to Dealer F in Gujarat.
- Dealer F resells them to Trader G in Maharashtra for Rs. 12,500.
- Trader G finally supplies to end customer H in Maharashtra for Rs. 25,000.
- Assume that the tax rates on the products sold are Central Goods and Services Tax= 7%, State Goods and Services Tax=7%, and Integrated Goods and Services Tax=7+7=14%
- So, supply is within the state that is E is marketing this to F in Gujarat, it is an intra-state supply of Products and services. The Central Goods and Services Tax of 7% and the State Goods and Services Tax of 7% will be applied.
- Dealer F in Gujarat is selling to Trader C in Maharashtra. As a result, it is an inter-state sale, with IGST@14%.
- Trader G finally supplies to end customer H in Maharashtra. So it also comes under the intra-state sale with CGST@7% and SGST@7% will be applicable.
So, from the above explanation, you would have understood what is Inter-State supply of products and Intra-State supply of product or services tax. Further, we have discussed What is SGST, CGST, IGST, UTGST, and how GST is applicable for different taxation.